Tax Justice Digest stories about North Carolina

Just in time for tax day, recent reports from California, Connecticut, and North Carolina remind us that the overall distribution of taxes in most states is tilted heavily in favor of the wealthiest. Those least able to pay almost always pay a much larger share of their incomes towards taxes.  For instance, California’s tax system, despite featuring a highly progressive income tax, requires the poorest fifth of taxpayers to devote 11.7 percent of their incomes to taxes on average. At the same time, the richest one percent of Californians pays just 7.1 percent of their incomes in taxes.

Indeed, Meg Gray Wiehe of the North Carolina Budget and Tax Center could have been writing about almost any state when she recently opined that “when lawmakers consider any changes to North Carolina's current revenue system, they should account for the effect the change will have on low- and moderate-income taxpayers. If fairness is not at the center of every tax policy debate, reform efforts will fall short on achieving long-term adequacy. Focusing on fairness will help the state meet its needs without relying on those with the least to contribute.”  To read more about how states can make their tax systems more equitable, see ITEP’s Guide to Fair State and Local Taxes.
North Carolina took a large step forward towards tax fairness this week when both houses passed a new budget that includes a state Earned Income Tax Credit, or EITC.  North Carolina now joins 20 other states that offer an EITC.  These credits receive broad bipartisan support in so many states because of their proven track record of success.  The EITC works by rewarding work, making sure that working low-income families aren't taxed further into poverty.  Since the measure is targeted only at these families, it provides much more benefit per dollar of state revenue than almost any other anti-poverty program. 

Despite all this, however, some legislators in Michigan want to delay the introduction of that state's EITC.  Last year, the state passed an EITC for the first time.  Now, proponents of delaying the EITC argue that, given the state's current business and fiscal problems, the government simply can't afford the tax break.  Of course, many of these senators are the same ones who have been advocating against any new business taxes in the state to replace revenue lost with the repeal of the Single Business Tax.  It's true that the state is not in good fiscal condition, but during economic downturns anti-poverty measures become more important, not less.  Michigan voters should urge their lawmakers to keep their promise to the working poor.  For more information on state EITCs, try this helpful website.  For more information on how EITCs work, read this ITEP policy brief.

Showdown in the Tar Heel State

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North Carolina policymakers appear to be deeply divided over the state budget and much is at stake for low- and middle-income taxpayers. In one corner, the state House of Representatives and the Governor are advocating budget packages that include extensions of temporary tax rate hikes in both the income and sales tax. House leaders say this revenue is necessary to help pay for the growing needs of the state. An exciting development in the House budget is the North Carolina Rewarding Work Tax Credit (a state version of the Earned Income Tax Credit). In the other corner, the state Senate passed a budget which allows the temporary tax hikes to expire and there's no targeted tax credit included. Earlier this week the House voted to reject the Senate's budget, so now the real show down begins. Policymakers must work quickly if they hope to pass a two-year budget by July 1 when the fiscal year begins.
North Carolina policymakers are facing short-term and long-term challenges this spring. A temporary 8 percent top income tax rate — and a quarter cent sales tax hike — are scheduled to expire on July 1, and leading elected officials (including Governor Mike Easley) are arguing that extending each of these tax increases will be necessary to make ends meet for the upcoming fiscal year.
 
And with an eye on long-term reform, a "State and Local Fiscal Modernization Commission" is asking hard questions about how best to reform the state's tax system — and how to divide funding responsibilities between state and local governments. ITEP staff testified before the commission earlier this week. Among the likely recommendations of the Commission: eliminating county governments' responsibility for paying some Medicaid expenses, and diversifying the revenue-raising options available to local governments. One possible source of new county tax revenue: a real-estate transfer tax on home sales. NC Policy Watch has some sensible commentary on the merits (and demerits) of this proposal.

NC Budget and Tax Center Report:
Strategies for Helping Low-Income Taxpayers - Comparing a No-Tax Floor to a State EITC


Governor Michael Easley’s recommended state budget set aside $63 million to reduce the income taxes paid by low-income taxpayers to be delivered through a “no-tax floor” plan. In fact, hundreds of thousands of the proposed 1.2 million taxpayers his plan claims to help already pay no income tax and would see no new benefit. In addition to not benefiting very low-income taxpayers, the governor’s “no-tax floor” also has numerous design flaws that make it inferior to a state EITC.

"People in poverty should not pay income tax in this state." It was North Carolina Governor Mike Easley who said it last week in his "State of the State" speech, but it's a sentiment that is widely shared by policymakers of all stripes around the nation. However, Easley's proposed remedy — a tax credit that eliminates all state income tax for some low-income families, and cuts the income tax bill in half for others — shows both the power and the limitations of this sentiment. A new report by the North Carolina Budget and Tax Center (BTC) highlights the flaws in Easley's "no-tax floor". The main problem is that the proposed tax credit is non-refundable, which means it can be used to reduce income taxes to zero but can't be used to offset regressive sales and property taxes. As ITEP's Who Pays report has documented, these non-income taxes hit poor families far more heavily, on average, than does the income tax.  
 
This fact may have been unclear to many initially when the proposal was presented. The governor's projections of the number who would be taken off the income tax rolls by his plan erroneously included the hundreds of thousands of North Carolinians who already pay no income taxes because of the standard deduction and personal exemption already in place.

As the BTC has also documented, there's a better answer for policymakers who are truly concerned about not taxing low-income families further into poverty: a refundable state Earned Income Tax Credit. The goal of eliminating income taxes on poor families has gained heightened visibility in recent years, largely due to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities' terrific annual report on this topic. Now, the BTC's work is prompting a healthy debate on how best to redress the inequities highlighted in the CBPP report.

In a welcome trend, lawmakers and advocates in Connecticut, New Jersey, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Mexico, Montana, Hawaii, Utah, Ohio, and Iowa are considering enacting Earned Income Tax Credits or expanding existing EITCs. The federal EITC has been hailed by policymakers of all stripes as an especially effective tool for lifting working families out of poverty. At the state level, the EITC offers the additional benefit of helping to offset the regressive sales and property taxes that hit low-income families hardest. To find out more about whether EITC legislation is active in your state, check out the Hatcher Group's State EITC Online Resource Center. 

Several states are debating ways to spend budget surpluses. Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee has "tax reformation" plans which include putting more money in a rainy day fund and rebating money to taxpayers in the form of a tax credit. In response to the surplus in Idaho, legislators are debating ways to shift the tax burden from property taxes to regressive sales taxes. North Carolina legislators are taking notice of the financial hit that mental health services took during the previous recession and both houses have passed budgets that would provide more funds for these services. Of course, if any of these states had a Colorado-style TABOR policy there wouldn't even be a question about how to spend state surpluses because TABOR takes these important budget decisions out of the hands of elected officials.

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